Frames

Acquire, record and present a frame

FrameResources owns a command pool/buffer, image-available semaphore, render-finished semaphore and in-flight fence. draw_triangle_frame waits for the preceding frame, acquires an image, records commands, submits work and presents it.

import vulkan
let draw_one_frame = fn (device:Vulkan:Device*, swapchain:Vulkan:Swapchain*, pipeline:Vulkan:Pipeline*) -> i32 {
    let frame = Vulkan:create_frame_resources(device)
    if !frame { return -1 }
    defer frame.destroy(device.handle)
    defer Vulkan:wait_idle(device)
    return Vulkan:draw_triangle_frame(device, swapchain, pipeline, frame)
}

Wait before releasing frame resources

The deferred wait runs before frame destruction. This makes the single-call ownership example safe to release; for a continuous renderer keep frame resources and reuse them rather than allocating and waiting idle every frame.

Results are not booleans

Success is Result:Success() (0). OutOfDate requests resource recreation. Suboptimal indicates a usable but imperfect presentation arrangement. Other result codes and the helper's -1 indicate failure. The wrapper returns an acquisition error early or the final presentation result; it is not a complete event history for every operation.

record_triangle returns 1/0, while wait_idle returns a Vulkan result code. Keep those conventions separate. A fence, semaphore, command buffer or framebuffer must not be destroyed or reused while queued work still uses it. The provided frame helper models one frame in flight; a multi-frame renderer needs additional per-frame ownership and synchronization.